Presentation Information
[1AFOB-03-KL]Time-dependent metagenomic analysis of customized jute retting for delineating microbial dynamics and CAZyme profiles for process modernization
○Mohammad Riazul Islam1 (1. Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka (Bangladesh))
Keywords:
Jute,shotgun sequencing,metagenome,microbial diversity,CAZyme
[Purpose] Despite the economic and ecological significance of jute as a natural fiber, the biological and biochemical mechanisms governing the retting process remain inadequately characterized. The lack of understanding of the taxonomic diversity and functional profiles of microbial communities during retting stages hinders efforts to optimize the process for enhanced retting.
[Method] This study employed whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing to investigate microbial diversity, temporal community dynamics, and functional gene profiles across the retting process at day 0 (Rd0), day 5 (Rd5), day 10 (Rd10), and day 14 (Rd14).
[Results] Proteobacteria dominated across all stages, with time-specific shifts in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Aerobic genera such as Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas prevailed early on, initiating pectin degradation, whereas anaerobic Clostridium species predominated later, facilitating hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown. Fungal species, particularly Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma, contributed to lignocellulolytic activity, further promoting fiber release. Analysis of predicted functional genes revealed stage-specific distributions of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families, reflecting the potential enzymatic capacity of the microbial community during retting. Glycosyl hydrolases (GH) peaked at Rd5, aiding cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis, while glycosyl transferases showed consistent activity for polysaccharide modification. Carbohydrate esterases and carbohydrate-binding modules demonstrated activity at Rd5 and Rd14, enhancing ester bond hydrolysis and enzyme-substrate interactions. Polysaccharide lyases (PL) and auxiliary activity enzymes, though less abundant, peaked at Rd14, facilitating lignin degradation. Pectinases (PL1, PL9, GH28), xylanases (GH8, GH10), and cellulases (GH6, GH12) exhibited sequential activity throughout the retting.
[Conclusion] This study illustrates the potential of metagenomic insights for developing microbial consortia and enzymatic formulations to enhance retting efficiency for sustainable advancements in natural fiber production.
[Method] This study employed whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing to investigate microbial diversity, temporal community dynamics, and functional gene profiles across the retting process at day 0 (Rd0), day 5 (Rd5), day 10 (Rd10), and day 14 (Rd14).
[Results] Proteobacteria dominated across all stages, with time-specific shifts in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Aerobic genera such as Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas prevailed early on, initiating pectin degradation, whereas anaerobic Clostridium species predominated later, facilitating hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown. Fungal species, particularly Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma, contributed to lignocellulolytic activity, further promoting fiber release. Analysis of predicted functional genes revealed stage-specific distributions of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families, reflecting the potential enzymatic capacity of the microbial community during retting. Glycosyl hydrolases (GH) peaked at Rd5, aiding cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis, while glycosyl transferases showed consistent activity for polysaccharide modification. Carbohydrate esterases and carbohydrate-binding modules demonstrated activity at Rd5 and Rd14, enhancing ester bond hydrolysis and enzyme-substrate interactions. Polysaccharide lyases (PL) and auxiliary activity enzymes, though less abundant, peaked at Rd14, facilitating lignin degradation. Pectinases (PL1, PL9, GH28), xylanases (GH8, GH10), and cellulases (GH6, GH12) exhibited sequential activity throughout the retting.
[Conclusion] This study illustrates the potential of metagenomic insights for developing microbial consortia and enzymatic formulations to enhance retting efficiency for sustainable advancements in natural fiber production.
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