Presentation Information
[1AFOB-06]Sustainable Copper Recovery from Waste PCBs: Process Optimization Using D-Optimal RSM Approach
Banhi Halder1, Vinod Kumar Nigam1, ○MUTHU KUMAR SAMPATH1 (1. Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (India))
Keywords:
Bioleaching,E-waste,Copper recovery,Process optimization,Circular economy
Purpose:The growing amount of electronic waste (e-waste), especially printed circuit boards (PCBs), is a serious environmental issue owing to the high copper content and complex matrix of PCBs. Bioleaching is an environmentally friendly process for the treatment of PCBs, but it is highly sensitive to process conditions.
Method:The objective of the current study was to optimize the important bioleaching factors for efficient copper extraction from PCBs using a combined one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) screening method and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a D-optimal quadratic design using MODDE-13 software. Four important factors, namely pH (6-8), temperature (34-40°C), time of incubation (3-7 days), and speed of agitation (125-175 rpm), were investigated for their individual and combined influences on copper extraction. A total of 23 experimental runs were performed based on the D-optimal design framework.
Results: The recovery of copper varied between 65.97% and 92.32%, establishing a very strong relationship with the multivariate interactions. The results of the statistical modelling established a very strong fit between the predicted and actual values, thus establishing the adequacy and validity of the model. The optimized conditions were established to be around neutral pH (pH ≈ 7), temperature of 37°C, incubation time of 5 days, and agitation speed of 150 rpm, where the maximum recovery of copper (92.32%) was attained. The quadratic model established the effectiveness of the RSM model in establishing the interaction and curvature effects, thus establishing the superiority of RSM over the OFAT method.
Conclusion:This work provides a statistically proven optimization approach for PCB bioleaching, greatly improving the efficiency of copper recovery and reducing the need for experiments. The combination of D-optimal RSM and microbial metal extraction for PCBs helps to create a framework for an environmentally sustainable e-waste recycling process that is economically viable.
Method:The objective of the current study was to optimize the important bioleaching factors for efficient copper extraction from PCBs using a combined one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) screening method and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a D-optimal quadratic design using MODDE-13 software. Four important factors, namely pH (6-8), temperature (34-40°C), time of incubation (3-7 days), and speed of agitation (125-175 rpm), were investigated for their individual and combined influences on copper extraction. A total of 23 experimental runs were performed based on the D-optimal design framework.
Results: The recovery of copper varied between 65.97% and 92.32%, establishing a very strong relationship with the multivariate interactions. The results of the statistical modelling established a very strong fit between the predicted and actual values, thus establishing the adequacy and validity of the model. The optimized conditions were established to be around neutral pH (pH ≈ 7), temperature of 37°C, incubation time of 5 days, and agitation speed of 150 rpm, where the maximum recovery of copper (92.32%) was attained. The quadratic model established the effectiveness of the RSM model in establishing the interaction and curvature effects, thus establishing the superiority of RSM over the OFAT method.
Conclusion:This work provides a statistically proven optimization approach for PCB bioleaching, greatly improving the efficiency of copper recovery and reducing the need for experiments. The combination of D-optimal RSM and microbial metal extraction for PCBs helps to create a framework for an environmentally sustainable e-waste recycling process that is economically viable.
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