Presentation Information
[4Open-07]Electrochemically Engineered Carbon Thread Sensor for Smartphone-Based Monitoring of Midazolam in Anesthetized Patients.
○Anson Thomas Mathew1, Keerthi Kodakkat2, Saju Joseph3, Pathath Abdul Rasheed4 (1. Research Scholar, Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad - India (India), 2. Research Associate, Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad - India (India), 3. Faculty, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam - Kerala (India), 4. Faculty, Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad - India (India))
Keywords:
Electrochemical biosensors,Midazolam,Point of care,Anesthesia monitoring,Carbon thread electrode
Midazolam is a benzodiazepine frequently used in balanced general anesthesia on account of its anxiolytic, sedative, and amnestic characteristics, along with its rapid onset and broad range of administration routes, thus it continues to be a significant medication in clinical practice. However, its narrow therapeutic range and the risk of respiratory depression, particularly when used with opioids such as fentanyl, require careful monitoring of midazolam levels to ensure patient safety.
Traditional analytical methods, including as HPLC, LC-MS, GC-MS, and ELISA, are exceptionally dependable. But, they require costly equipment, skilled operators, and labour-intensive sample preparation, hence constraining their application in point-of-care environments and making it not very sustainable practise.
In order to address this difficulty, we created a facile electrochemical sensing platform for midazolam detection utilizing carbon cloth thread (CCT) modified with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and subsequently functionalized with electropolymerized poly(glutamic acid) (pGlu). The choice of CCT provides an economical, adaptable, and conductive substrate ideal for portable sensing applications.
The g-C3N4 layer provides a nitrogen-dense, high-surface-area interface, while the pGlu film adds supplementary functional groups that enhance interaction with the target analyte. Density functional theory and molecular docking analyses were also used to further validated that pGlu demonstrates a greater affinity for midazolam compared to the analogous polymer poly(aspartic acid), hence validating the choice of pGlu as the sensing layer.
Electrochemical studies demonstrated that the proposed biosensor exhibits a response to midazolam throughout two linear ranges: 0.4 μM to 20.0 μM and 20 μM to 80 μM, with a detection limit of 0.13 μM. The results demonstrate that the modified electrode enables sensitive and reliable detection of midazolam within the therapeutically pertinent concentration range.
The entire sensing podium was incorporated into a portable, in-house fabricated potentiostat "Bio-Pot" prototype enabling immediate point-of-care functionality. The prototype exhibited a linear response in human serum samples ranging from 5.0 μM to 80.0 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.87 μM. Moreover, smartphone integration with the potentiostat facilitated real-time data display, data processing, and wireless transmission of the electrochemical output, enhancing accessibility and clinical convenience for the user.
This capability enables swift monitoring without requiring a traditional laboratory configuration and platform's integration of a flexible carbon-thread substrate allows a limited resources usage, straightforward electrode fabrication, and portability renders it a feasible and more sustainable alternative to conventional laboratory methods for midazolam monitoring. The suggested method presents a viable approach for rapid, sensitive, and accessible point-of-care analysis both in clinical settings and for at home care pateint.
Traditional analytical methods, including as HPLC, LC-MS, GC-MS, and ELISA, are exceptionally dependable. But, they require costly equipment, skilled operators, and labour-intensive sample preparation, hence constraining their application in point-of-care environments and making it not very sustainable practise.
In order to address this difficulty, we created a facile electrochemical sensing platform for midazolam detection utilizing carbon cloth thread (CCT) modified with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and subsequently functionalized with electropolymerized poly(glutamic acid) (pGlu). The choice of CCT provides an economical, adaptable, and conductive substrate ideal for portable sensing applications.
The g-C3N4 layer provides a nitrogen-dense, high-surface-area interface, while the pGlu film adds supplementary functional groups that enhance interaction with the target analyte. Density functional theory and molecular docking analyses were also used to further validated that pGlu demonstrates a greater affinity for midazolam compared to the analogous polymer poly(aspartic acid), hence validating the choice of pGlu as the sensing layer.
Electrochemical studies demonstrated that the proposed biosensor exhibits a response to midazolam throughout two linear ranges: 0.4 μM to 20.0 μM and 20 μM to 80 μM, with a detection limit of 0.13 μM. The results demonstrate that the modified electrode enables sensitive and reliable detection of midazolam within the therapeutically pertinent concentration range.
The entire sensing podium was incorporated into a portable, in-house fabricated potentiostat "Bio-Pot" prototype enabling immediate point-of-care functionality. The prototype exhibited a linear response in human serum samples ranging from 5.0 μM to 80.0 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.87 μM. Moreover, smartphone integration with the potentiostat facilitated real-time data display, data processing, and wireless transmission of the electrochemical output, enhancing accessibility and clinical convenience for the user.
This capability enables swift monitoring without requiring a traditional laboratory configuration and platform's integration of a flexible carbon-thread substrate allows a limited resources usage, straightforward electrode fabrication, and portability renders it a feasible and more sustainable alternative to conventional laboratory methods for midazolam monitoring. The suggested method presents a viable approach for rapid, sensitive, and accessible point-of-care analysis both in clinical settings and for at home care pateint.
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