[P004] Poster

1:00 PM - 1:50 PM JST(4:00 AM - 4:50 AM UTC)

[P02-262] Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria at Hospital Wastes and Freshwater Habitats in Dhaka, Bangladesh

○Md. Abdul Karim¹ (1. University of Dhaka (Bangladesh))

Keywords:

Multidrug Registant Bacteria,Hospital wastes,Freshwater habitats

Irrational use of antibiotics in hospitals provokes drug resistance leading to the dissemination of resistant genes in hospital wastewater (HWW). Unmetabolized antibiotics in low concentrations are released through urine and feces from treated patients and animals, of which a large proportion passes directly to the environment leading AMR in environmental microbiota. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency and efficacy of multidrug resistant bacteria in HWW and freshwater habitats, because of the possibility of antibiotics being released into water habitats. Wastewater and sediment samples were collected from six government and five private hospitals and from 11 sampling sites including 7 ponds, 3 lakes and 1 river in Dhaka city. A total of 22 samples were processed in microbiological media as Peptone Yeast Glucose (PYG), Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB), Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) and Cetrimide agar for enumeration and isolation of bacteria. Bacterial load of wastewater samples on PYG, EMB, XLD and cetrimide agar media for both types of hospitals ranged 7.5 × 10 - 1.8 × 105 , 9.2 × 102 - 1.1 × 105 , 4.2 × 103 - 8.1 × 104 and 1.6 × 10 - 6.1 × 103 cfu/ml, respectively. In the case of sediment samples, the range of bacterial load was 4.9 × 105 - 2.09 × 107, 8.2 × 104 - 7.4 × 106, 4.1 × 104 - 5 × 106 and 1.45 × 103 - 2.1 × 105 cfu/g, respectively. The predominant bacteria are Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis and Providencia alcalifaciens. All the isolates except 6 showed multidrug resistance (88%). The prevalence of MDR in government hospitals was 92%, while it was 88% in private hospitals. The isolated bacteria showed highest resistance to flucloxacillin (96%), followed by vancomycin (90%), penicillin (90%), tobramycin (90%), clindamycin (88%), kanamycin (88%), gentamycin (86%), cephalexin (84%), cefuroxime (82%), moxifloxacin (80%), azithromycin (80%), ciprofloxacin (76%) and erythromycin (74%). Tetracycline (62%) and chloramphenicol (54%) were found to be the most susceptible antibiotics compared to others. One of each Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Citrobacter freundii showed 100% resistance to all 15 used antibiotics. The results indicated that maximum isolated bacteria in the study developed resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. To avoid dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria, hospital wastewater should be treated properly before released into the environment as well as implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs is necessary to ensure appropriate use of antibiotics.