Presentation Information
[P02-288]Comparative Study on Biodiesel Production from Waste Derived Feedstocks: Evaluation of Conversion Performance of High Acid Palm Oil Residue, Palm Acid Oil, and Waste Cooking Canola Oil
○Agus Try Hartono1, Filemon Jalu Nusantara Putra1, Chiaki Ogino1 (1. Kobe University (Japan))
Keywords:
Biodiesel,Enzymatic transesterification,HAPOR,PAO,Waste cooking canola oil
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of biodiesel production from waste derived feedstocks, High Acid Palm Oil Residue (HAPOR), Palm Acid Oil (PAO), and waste cooking canola oil. The research focuses on comparing their conversion performance, feedstock characteristics, and resulting fuel properties to identify their potential as sustainable alternative energy sources.
Biodiesel production was carried out by enzymatic transesterification using Novozyme as a biocatalyst. The reaction was conducted at a constant temperature of 40 °C in a deep-well plate system to ensure controlled reaction conditions. A methanol to oil molar ratio ranging from 1:3 to 1:8 was applied to investigate its effect on conversion performance, while the enzyme loading was fixed at 1% (w/w) relative to the feedstock. Each feedstock was subjected to identical reaction parameters to enable a consistent comparison. The reaction progress was monitored through periodic sampling at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours. The collected samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to determine Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) conversion over time.
The results demonstrated that biodiesel production from HAPOR by enzymatic transesterification strongly depends on reaction time and methanol to oil molar ratio. At a molar ratio of 1:4, the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion showed a gradual increase over time, reaching a maximum at 12 hours, followed by a slight decrease at 24 hours. The conversion trend was determined based on GC-FID analysis using calibrated standard curves for major FAME components, ensuring reliable quantification. This behavior indicates the presence of an optimal reaction time, beyond which conversion efficiency may decrease, possibly due to enzyme deactivation or methanol inhibition. Preliminary observations suggest that other methanol ratios resulted in lower conversion performance compared to the 1:4 ratio.
The observed reaction behavior highlights the critical role of process parameters in enzymatic biodiesel production. The optimal performance at a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 1:4 suggests that excessive methanol may inhibit lipase activity, while insufficient methanol limits the transesterification reaction. The decline in FAME conversion after prolonged reaction time further indicates possible enzyme deactivation or reduced catalytic efficiency under extended exposure to reaction conditions. In addition, the complex composition of HAPOR, which typically contains high free fatty acid levels and impurities, may influence enzyme performance and reaction stability. These findings emphasize the need for careful optimization of reaction conditions and feedstock pretreatment to enhance overall biodiesel production efficiency.
This study demonstrates the feasibility of biodiesel production from HAPOR using enzymatic transesterification, with reaction performance strongly influenced by methanol to oil ratio and reaction time. The optimal condition was identified at a molar ratio of 1:4 and a reaction time of 12 hours, highlighting the importance of process optimization in maximizing FAME conversion. These findings provide valuable insight into the utilization of high acid waste feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel production and support the potential application of enzymatic processes in green fuel development.
Biodiesel production was carried out by enzymatic transesterification using Novozyme as a biocatalyst. The reaction was conducted at a constant temperature of 40 °C in a deep-well plate system to ensure controlled reaction conditions. A methanol to oil molar ratio ranging from 1:3 to 1:8 was applied to investigate its effect on conversion performance, while the enzyme loading was fixed at 1% (w/w) relative to the feedstock. Each feedstock was subjected to identical reaction parameters to enable a consistent comparison. The reaction progress was monitored through periodic sampling at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours. The collected samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to determine Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) conversion over time.
The results demonstrated that biodiesel production from HAPOR by enzymatic transesterification strongly depends on reaction time and methanol to oil molar ratio. At a molar ratio of 1:4, the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion showed a gradual increase over time, reaching a maximum at 12 hours, followed by a slight decrease at 24 hours. The conversion trend was determined based on GC-FID analysis using calibrated standard curves for major FAME components, ensuring reliable quantification. This behavior indicates the presence of an optimal reaction time, beyond which conversion efficiency may decrease, possibly due to enzyme deactivation or methanol inhibition. Preliminary observations suggest that other methanol ratios resulted in lower conversion performance compared to the 1:4 ratio.
The observed reaction behavior highlights the critical role of process parameters in enzymatic biodiesel production. The optimal performance at a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 1:4 suggests that excessive methanol may inhibit lipase activity, while insufficient methanol limits the transesterification reaction. The decline in FAME conversion after prolonged reaction time further indicates possible enzyme deactivation or reduced catalytic efficiency under extended exposure to reaction conditions. In addition, the complex composition of HAPOR, which typically contains high free fatty acid levels and impurities, may influence enzyme performance and reaction stability. These findings emphasize the need for careful optimization of reaction conditions and feedstock pretreatment to enhance overall biodiesel production efficiency.
This study demonstrates the feasibility of biodiesel production from HAPOR using enzymatic transesterification, with reaction performance strongly influenced by methanol to oil ratio and reaction time. The optimal condition was identified at a molar ratio of 1:4 and a reaction time of 12 hours, highlighting the importance of process optimization in maximizing FAME conversion. These findings provide valuable insight into the utilization of high acid waste feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel production and support the potential application of enzymatic processes in green fuel development.
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