講演情報
[ACG15-P01]フィリピン、ボリナオにおける海草群集の多様性が魚類の群集構造に与える影響★招待講演
*田中 義幸1、頼末 武史2、本多 健太郎2,9、中村 洋平3、宮島 利宏4、ゴ ゲイ5,7、ジェノヴィア トム6、パンタラーノ アリーン6,3、パシエンシア フランシスコ5、ウイ ウィルフレッド6、フォルテス ミゲル5、タモンドン アイン7、ブランコ アリエル7、灘岡 和夫8、仲岡 雅裕2 (1.国立研究開発法人海洋研究開発機構 むつ研究所、2.北海道大学 厚岸臨海実験所、3.高知大学大学院 総合人間自然科学研究科、4.東京大学 大気海洋研究所、5.フィリピン大学 海洋科学研究所、6.ミンダナオ国立大学 ナーワン校、7.フィリピン大学 工学部、8.東京工業大学 環境・社会理工学院、9.水産総合研究センター 北海道区水産研究所)
キーワード：
富栄養化、養殖、海草、ウミショウブ、魚類群集、商業的有用魚種
Coastal ecosystems in southeast Asia have been deteriorating rapidly due to various types of human-induced stresses. Among them, excess nutrient and organic matter derived from fish culture has particularly affected adjacent ecosystems through the alteration of water quality and sediment conditions. Seagrass species richness are reported to decrease at sites close to aquaculture facilities. The seagrass species composition and structure are known to affect fish assemblage structures. In this study, we tried to evaluate the relationship between species diversity of tropical seagrasses and fish assemblage structures, around Santiago Island, Bolinao, northwestern Philippines, where effects of fish culture are obvious.
Around Santiago Island, 13 sites in dense seagrass beds and 13 sites from sparse seagrass beds (total 26 sites) were selected, using a satellite image. Then actual conditions of seagrasses were checked by ground truth. At the 26 sites, species compositions of seagrasses and fish assemblages were observed in Feb - Mar 2014. Shoot density of Enhalus acoroides was counted at 20 locations at each sites using a 0.5 x 0.5 m frame, because this species has large shoots. For other species, a 0.5 x 0.5 m frame that was divided into 25 quadrats of 0.01 m2 was used, and shoot densities in 10 haphazardly selected quadrats in each of five frames were counted at each sites. The biomass of seagrasses were calculated based on the shoot density of this study and leaf dry weight in Vermaat et al. (1995). The fish visual censuses (FVCs) were conducted on 5–8 March 2014 at 26 stations. Six 1 × 20-m (20 m2) belt transects were established haphazardly using a scaled rope within a 50 m radius of each station. The transects were separated by at least 5 m. The number of individuals of the target species was counted in each transect, and their sizes (total length, TL) were recorded underwater using a ruler attached to a recording slate. All FVCs were conducted during the day between 08:00 and 16:00 h, using snorkeling at depths of 0.5–4.0 m.
The highest seagrass species richness at a site was seven species. The five sites where more than six species were observed belong to the dense seagrasses. Three sites among the dense seagrasses have only two species. Usually around two species were observed at the sparse seagrass beds. Two species Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides were recorded, and the shoot density was relatively high at the site where the largest number of commercially important fish species were observed.
Around Santiago Island, 13 sites in dense seagrass beds and 13 sites from sparse seagrass beds (total 26 sites) were selected, using a satellite image. Then actual conditions of seagrasses were checked by ground truth. At the 26 sites, species compositions of seagrasses and fish assemblages were observed in Feb - Mar 2014. Shoot density of Enhalus acoroides was counted at 20 locations at each sites using a 0.5 x 0.5 m frame, because this species has large shoots. For other species, a 0.5 x 0.5 m frame that was divided into 25 quadrats of 0.01 m2 was used, and shoot densities in 10 haphazardly selected quadrats in each of five frames were counted at each sites. The biomass of seagrasses were calculated based on the shoot density of this study and leaf dry weight in Vermaat et al. (1995). The fish visual censuses (FVCs) were conducted on 5–8 March 2014 at 26 stations. Six 1 × 20-m (20 m2) belt transects were established haphazardly using a scaled rope within a 50 m radius of each station. The transects were separated by at least 5 m. The number of individuals of the target species was counted in each transect, and their sizes (total length, TL) were recorded underwater using a ruler attached to a recording slate. All FVCs were conducted during the day between 08:00 and 16:00 h, using snorkeling at depths of 0.5–4.0 m.
The highest seagrass species richness at a site was seven species. The five sites where more than six species were observed belong to the dense seagrasses. Three sites among the dense seagrasses have only two species. Usually around two species were observed at the sparse seagrass beds. Two species Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides were recorded, and the shoot density was relatively high at the site where the largest number of commercially important fish species were observed.