Presentation Information
[ED2-05]Toward 400-million-pixel imaging using current-biased kinetic inductance detector
*Takekazu Ishida1, Hiroaki Shishido1, The Dang Vu1, Kenji M Kojima2, Tomio Koyama1 (1. Osaka Metropolitan University (Japan), 2. TRIUMF (Canada))
Keywords:
superconducting imaging,high spatial resolution,high-speed readout circuit,current-biased kinetic inductnace detector
The imaging by the superconducting detector was supposed to be limited to a maximum of 20,000 pixels. This is due to the heat inflow from room temperature to a microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) camera placed at a cryogenic temperature through the readout wires [1]. Recently, a 400,000-pixel camera with a delay-line technique was reported with great surprise [2]. A current-biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID) has been proposed for imaging a distribution of hot spots induced by a localized external stimulus on orthogonal XY superconducting meanderlines [3]. We utilize a delay-line technique to trace internal signal propagation for a pair of signals arising from each hot spot, where the timestamps of signal arrivals to electrodes are used to evaluate a hot-spot position . Since a signal velocity inside the detector is ultrafast at 20% the speed of light, a Kalliope-I readout circuit operating at 1ns was not fast enough to resolve a position as a unit tick step of hot-spot position. A Kalliope-II readout circuit with a front-end main circuit for continuous readout data acquisition system (AMANEQ) and a high-resolution time-to-digital convertor (HR-TDC) working at a 30-ps temporal resolution [4] can resolve the image at a smaller pixel size down to 1.5 μm × 1.5 μm. This corresponds to a 100,000,000-pixel camera over the 15 mm×15 mm sensitive area. If the size of hot-spot area in CB-KID becomes larger than a meander pitch, a center-of-gravity position of hot spot area can be resolved with the accuracy of half pitch 0.75 . The number of the submicron pixels reaches 400,000,000 pixels over the 15 mm 15 mm area to open possibilities of CB-KID for the use in photonic measurements.
Acknowledgements: This research was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JP16H02450, JP21H04666, JP21K13566, JP23K13690) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and J-PARC Project Research (2024P0501). The authors would like to thank for developing the HR-TDC and AMANEQ circuits to the Open Source Consortium of Instrumentation (Open-It) and the Signal Processing And Data acquisition Infrastructure Alliance (SPADI-A). We thank S. Miyajima and M. Hidaka for detector fabrication.
References:
[1] B. Walter et al., Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac 132, 125005 (2020).
[2] G. Oripov et al., Nature 622, 730-734 (2023).
[3] T. Ishida, IEICE Trans. Electron. E103.C(5), 198-203 (2020).
[4] R. Honda et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 72, 614 (2025).
Acknowledgements: This research was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JP16H02450, JP21H04666, JP21K13566, JP23K13690) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and J-PARC Project Research (2024P0501). The authors would like to thank for developing the HR-TDC and AMANEQ circuits to the Open Source Consortium of Instrumentation (Open-It) and the Signal Processing And Data acquisition Infrastructure Alliance (SPADI-A). We thank S. Miyajima and M. Hidaka for detector fabrication.
References:
[1] B. Walter et al., Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac 132, 125005 (2020).
[2] G. Oripov et al., Nature 622, 730-734 (2023).
[3] T. Ishida, IEICE Trans. Electron. E103.C(5), 198-203 (2020).
[4] R. Honda et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 72, 614 (2025).