講演情報
[1103]Indonesia's Critical Minerals Classification Policy: Rationale, Criteria, and Implication to Research Trend for Southeast Asia's Supply Chain Resilience
○Pratama Rinaldi1、Satria Topan1、Sari Dwi Vidya1、Park Ilhwan2 (1. Directorate General of Mineral and Coal, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources、2. Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University)
司会： パク イルファン（北海道大学）
キーワード：
critical minerals、mineral policy、Indonesia、supply chain resilience、classification criteria
The global shift toward decarbonization has intensified demand for critical minerals, exposing significant vulnerabilities in their supply chains. Southeast Asia, and Indonesia in particular, is emerging as a pivotal node in this landscape due to its substantial mineral endowments. In September 2023, Indonesia's Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) issued Ministerial Decree No. 296.K/MB.01/MEM.B/2023, formally designating 47 mineral commodities as critical minerals. This study examines the rationale, legal basis, and selection criteria underlying this classification, and assesses its implications for Indonesia's mineral policy and regional supply chain resilience.
The decree defines critical minerals as those with significant economic and defense value, high supply-disruption risk, and no viable substitutes, intended to support strategic downstream industries. this paper will analyze how the four stated criteria translate into a list spanning base metals, ferroalloys, battery metals, and rare earth elements, and evaluates how the classification feeds into fiscal, trade, and industrial policy instruments, including export regulation and downstream processing requirements.
The analysis situates Indonesia's framework against comparable critical mineral lists from other major economies, noting that while its criteria echo internationally recognized notions of economic importance and supply risk, the methodology remains largely qualitative, without publicly disclosed quantitative thresholds or risk indices. Because the designation is valid for only three years, the list is approaching its mandated review in September 2026, creating a timely opportunity to examine whether the methodology should evolve.
This paper argues that a more transparent, quantifiable approach, potentially incorporating internationally used indices such as supply concentration measures and research trends, would strengthen Indonesia's classification, better align it with global practice, and reinforce the country's role in building resilient critical mineral supply chains across Southeast Asia.
The decree defines critical minerals as those with significant economic and defense value, high supply-disruption risk, and no viable substitutes, intended to support strategic downstream industries. this paper will analyze how the four stated criteria translate into a list spanning base metals, ferroalloys, battery metals, and rare earth elements, and evaluates how the classification feeds into fiscal, trade, and industrial policy instruments, including export regulation and downstream processing requirements.
The analysis situates Indonesia's framework against comparable critical mineral lists from other major economies, noting that while its criteria echo internationally recognized notions of economic importance and supply risk, the methodology remains largely qualitative, without publicly disclosed quantitative thresholds or risk indices. Because the designation is valid for only three years, the list is approaching its mandated review in September 2026, creating a timely opportunity to examine whether the methodology should evolve.
This paper argues that a more transparent, quantifiable approach, potentially incorporating internationally used indices such as supply concentration measures and research trends, would strengthen Indonesia's classification, better align it with global practice, and reinforce the country's role in building resilient critical mineral supply chains across Southeast Asia.