Session Details
[[PB]-1vn]23. CIP Poster
Wed. Mar 26, 2025 3:45 PM - 5:15 PM JST
Wed. Mar 26, 2025 6:45 AM - 8:15 AM UTC
Wed. Mar 26, 2025 6:45 AM - 8:15 AM UTC
Poster Site B(Hall, Shin-KansaiDaigaku-Kaikan North Bldg. [1F])
[[PB]-1vn-01]High-Temperature Degradation Phenomena and Analysis of Cathode Half-Cells in All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Sulfide-Based Solid Electrolytes
○Kazumasa KIKUTANI1, Taiyo Fukui1, Seiya Tonda1, Shinji Tsuji1, Yuki Orikasa2 (1. Yanmar Holdings Co., Ltd., 2. Ritsumeikan University)
[[PB]-1vn-02]Ion Species Dependence of Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Magnesium Secondary Battery
○Keigo Kubota1, Ishida Naoya1 (1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)
[[PB]-1vn-03]A CO2 concentration cell utilizing 1,1′-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium
○Minori Ito1, Takayasu Sugiyama1, Mayu Yonekawa1, Ayaka Kakizawa1, Yusuke Wakayama1, Teppei Yamada1 (1. The Univ. of Tokyo)
[[PB]-1vn-04]Electrode degradation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells under accelerated stress conditions
○Wataru Yoshimune1, Akihiko Kato1, Tetsuichiro Hayakawa1, Satoshi Yamaguchi1, Satoru Kato1 (1. Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc.)
[[PB]-1vn-05]Proton Conduction of Oriented 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks
○Koki Fujiu1, Masane Kin1, Minami Saori2, Takashi Sato1, Takahiro Nishio1, Hiroki Watanebe1, Hiroyasu Tabe3, Ryosuke Jinnouchi2, Satoshi Horike3 (1. DENSO CORPORATION, 2. TOYOTA CENTRAL R&D LABS., INC., 3. KYOTO UNIVERSITY)
[[PB]-1vn-06]Biodegradability enhancement technology for low-biodegradable polyester by introducing 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid
○Sho Inagaki1, Shuhei Nishizawa1, Atsuhisa Miyawaki1, Hidetomo Kai1, Akihiro Koiso1 (1. DIC Corporation)
[[PB]-1vn-07]Development of a photocatalytic reduction reaction system for amine-captured CO2
○Naoki Hosokawa1, Osamu Ishitani2 (1. Institute of Science Tokyo, 2. Hiroshima university)
[[PB]-1vn-08]Photo-degradation of polyamide iNylon with pyrrolidone structure
○Maina Yonemura1, Dai-ichiro Kato1, Risa Yokoyama1, Yukiko Yokogawa1, Toshiaki Taniike2, Yingjun An3, Atsushi Takahara3, Masayuki Kojima4, Hiroyuki Shimanaka4, Tatsuo Kaneko5, Seiji Negoro6 (1. Kagoshima Univ., 2. JAIST, 3. Kyushu Univ., 4. Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Mfg.Co.,Ltd., 5. Jiangnan Univ., 6. Univ. Hyogo)
[[PB]-1vn-09]Development of a Chemical Recycling Process for Used Tires by Oxidative Degradation Using Radical Initiators
○Hiroshi Yamashita1, Makiko Hatori1, Wahyu S. Putro1, Yoshihiro Ueda1, Kazuhiro Matsumoto1, Jun-Chul Choi1, Norihisa Fukaya1, Masahiro Hojo2, Seichi Tahara2, Masahiro Homma2, Takakazu Minato2 (1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2. Bridgestone Corporation)
[[PB]-1vn-10]Chemical recycling of petroleum-based polycarbonate by ammonolysis toward industrialization
○Toyokazu Tsutsuba1, Karin Emi1, Tatsuo Taniguchi1, Daisuke Aoki1 (1. Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University)
[[PB]-1vn-11]Proton-reduction reaction catalyzed by a redox-active polynuclear rhodium complex
○Natsumi Yano1, Yusuke Kataoka1 (1. Shimane Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-12]Research on Analytica Methods for Elements including harmful substances in Waste Printed Circuit Boards
○Daiki Matsumura1, Nobuyuki Shibata1, Kazunori Nakano1 (1. Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute)
[[PB]-1vn-13]Development of highly effective concentration based on microdroplet induced by fat-soluble vitamin
○Nao Araki1, Takeshi Kato1 (1. National Institute of Technology (KOSEN),Fukushima College)
[[PB]-1vn-14]Complete mineralization of tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) in subcritical water with alkaline reagent.
○HISASHI Saito1, Hisao Hori1 (1. Kanagawa University)
[[PB]-1vn-15]Preparation of biodegradable hollow polymer particles by phase separation in polymer solution containing fine bubbles
○Nozomu Yasui1, Ukyo Saito2, Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi2, Keiji Yasuda2 (1. NMIRI, 2. Nagoya U.)
[[PB]-1vn-16]Chemo-enzymatic quantitative monomerization technique for nylons
○Yuki SHIRAISHI1, Dai-ichiro Kato1, Risa Yokoyama1, Yoko Furuno1, Yukiko Yokogawa1, Seiji Negoro2 (1. Kagoshima univ., 2. Univ. of Hyogo)
[[PB]-1vn-17]Development of environmentally friendly biopolymer for recycling and resource recovery
○Mirai Takakura1, Takeshi Kato1, Tatsuo Yajima2 (1. National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College, 2. Kansai University)
[[PB]-1vn-18]A new strategy of molecular disaggregation for PTFE recycling and molecular theoretical evaluation
○Tomoya Oonuki1, Taisuke Araki1, Nobutaka Shioya1, hiroshi matsuda1, Takeshi Hasegawa1, Akihide Hibara2, Junya Kano3 (1. ICR, Kyoto Univ., 2. Science Tokyo., 3. IMRAM, Tohoku Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-19]Enhancing marine biodegradability of poly(butylene succinate) by blending with organic compounds
○Miwa Suzuki1, Minori Ohta2, Yuya Tachibana1,2, Shun'ichi Ishii3, Hiroyuki Kashima3, Ken-ichi Kasuya1,2 (1. GUCFW, 2. Grad. School of Sci. Tech., Gunma Univ., 3. JAMSTEC)
[[PB]-1vn-20]Isolation of a novel marine bacterium capable of degrading polyamide iNylon with a pyrrolidone structure and its potential for PHA production
○Yoko Furuno1, Dai-ichiro Kato1, Risa Yokoyama1, Yukiko Yokogawa1, Miwa Yamada2, Tatsuo Kaneko3, Seiji Negoro4 (1. Kagoshima Univ, 2. Iwate Univ, 3. Jiangnan Univ, 4. Univ. Hyogo)
[[PB]-1vn-21]Metal-Catalyzed Amination Reactions of Lignocellulosic Molecules in Woody Plant Cell Walls
○Yuka Kawahara Nakagawa1,2,3, Shohichi Furukawa4, Keiko Kondo1, Masato Katahira1, Takashi Watanabe1, Ken-ichi Fujita1, Masaharu Nakamura1 (1. Kyoto Univ., 2. Daicel Corporation, 3. PRESTO, JST, 4. Tohoku Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-22]Potential for microplastic generation from incompatible biodegradable polymer blends
○Shodai Hino1, Naoko Yamano1, Norioki Kawasaki1, Atsuyoshi Nakayama1 (1. AIST)
[[PB]-1vn-23]Enhancement of catalytic activity of noble metals by alloying with poor metals in cluster
○Takamasa Tsukamoto1,2,3, Nozomi Yoshida4, Makoto Tanabe5, Tetsuya Kambe6, Kimihisa Yamamoto4 (1. Inst. of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 2. Grad. Sch. of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 3. JST-PRESTO, 4. Lab. for Chemistry and Life Science, Science Tokyo, 5. Integrated Center for Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical Univ., 6. Grad. Sch. of Engineering, Osaka Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-24]Miniaturization of adhesion protein AtaA for microbial immobilization and application to microbial reactions
○Shogo Yoshimoto1, Katsutoshi Hori1 (1. Nagoya University)
[[PB]-1vn-25]Environmental conservation use of alginate gel labeled with environmentally responsive fluorophore FluoraBlocks
○Koji Yamada1, Shoki Maeda1, Tatsuya Morozumi1 (1. Hokkaido Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-26]Zirconium-Grafted Heterogeneous Catalysts Driving CO2 Conversion to Diethyl Carbonate
○Haruki Nagae1, Hiroki Koizumi1, Katsuhiko Takeuchi1, Satoshi Hamura2, Toshihide Yamamoto2, Kazuhiro Matsumoto1, Yoshihiro Kamimura1, Sho Kataoka1, Norihisa Fukaya1, Jun-Chul Choi1 (1. AIST, 2. Tosoh Corporation)
[[PB]-1vn-27]Synthesis of Dialkyl Carbonates Employing Chemical Absorption of Carbon Dioxide
○Hiroki Koizumi1, Haruki Nagae1, Katsuhiko Takeuchi1, Kazuhiro Matsumoto1, Norihisa Fukaya1, Kouta Sakaguchi2, Hiroyoshi Hoshino2, Satoshi Hamura2, Jun-Chul Choi1 (1. AIST, 2. TOSOH Corporation)
[[PB]-1vn-28]Synthesis and Characterization of Urushiol Analogs Derived from Biorenewable Carbon Resources
○Beiling WU1, Francesca PINCELLA1, Ilaria BONADUCE2, Masaharu NAKAMURA1 (1. KyotoU, 2. UniPi)
[[PB]-1vn-29]Approaches toward development of antifouling compounds inspired by natural product
○Taiki Umezawa1, Ira Novita Sari1, Erina Yoshimura2, Yasuyuki Nogata3 (1. Hokkaido Univ., 2. CERES, Inc., 3. Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry)
[[PB]-1vn-30]Poly(phenylene sulfide/phenylene oxide) Copolymers with Unprecedented Low Dielectric Properties
○Seigo Watanabe1, Shuma Miura2, Kenichi Oyaizu1,2 (1. Res. Inst. of Sci. and Eng., Waseda Univ., 2. Dept. of Applied Chem., Waseda Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-31]Prediction of a monomer unit of bioplastic "FADP" based on DFT calculation
○Hiroto Achira1, Takeshi Imai1 (1. Hyogo prefectural Institute of Technology)
[[PB]-1vn-32]Development of High-Performance Polymer Materials Using Waste Sulfur
○Yuichiro Kobayashi1,2,3, Hiroyasu Yamaguchi1,2 (1. Osaka Univ., 2. ICS-OTRI, 3. PRESTO)
[[PB]-1vn-33]Synthesis and characterization of highly electronically conductive and humidity-tolerant Ti3C2 MXene prepared using phosphoric acid
○Akimaro Yanagimachi1, Naoki Ichijo1, Kazuhiro Kamiguchi1, Shun Sakaida1 (1. Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)
[[PB]-1vn-34]Preparation of Boron/Carbon Materials with a Layer Structure via a Novel Manufacturing Method
○Shuhei Toshinari1,2, Sena Ishihata2, Masashi Kimura2, Keiya Noda2, Masayuki Kawaguchi2 (1. Thermo Graphitics Co., Ltd., 2. Osaka Electro-Communication University)
[[PB]-1vn-35]Preparation of functional Au nanoparticles using Au anodic dissolution reaction
○Shinichiro Ozawa1, Moe Hokugo1, Ryusei Matsumoto1, Haruya Takezaki1 (1. National Defense Academy)
[[PB]-1vn-36]Photoswitching of elastic property of crystals of a diarylethene having isopropyl groups
○Ayumu Tani1, Ryo Nishimura2, Satoshi Yokojima3, Shinichiro Nakamura4, Kingo Uchida1 (1. Ryukoku Univ., 2. Rikkyo Univ., 3. TUPLS, 4. Kumamoto Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-37]Development of liquid-liquid phase separation droplets using self-assembling peptide fibers and their applications to bioreactors
○Noriyuki Uchida1, Shiori Kondo1, Takahiro Muraoka1,2 (1. Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2. KISTEC)
[[PB]-1vn-38]Photochromism and Fluorescence Properties of Arylvinylthiazole Derivatives with Thiazolyl Groups
○Shizuka Takami1, Yurina Tamiya1, Yukihide Ishibashi2, Tadatsugu Yamaguchi3, Tsuyoshi Kawai4 (1. National of Institute of Technology, Niihama College, 2. Ehime Univ, 3. Hyogo University of Teacher Education, 4. Nara Inst. Sci. Tech)
[[PB]-1vn-39]Innovative Methods for Developing Functional Materials by Providing Pinpoint Molecular Design
○Motoyuki Uejima1, Tohru Sato2 (1. MOLFEX, Inc., 2. FIFC, Kyoto Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-40]Control over higher-order structures based on anthracene polymorphic model toward organic semiconductors
○Yuto Hino1, Matsuo Takumi2,3, Shotaro Hayashi2,3 (1. Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 2. School of Engineering Science, Kochi University of Technology, 3. FOREST Center, Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology)
[[PB]-1vn-41]Synthesis and Fluorescent Properties of Novel Push-pull Phenazines
○Hiroki Sato1, Yuito Abe1, Jun Kumagai1, Masato Kudo1, Hiroshi Katagiri1 (1. Grad. Sch. of Org. Mater. Sci., Yamagata Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-42]Development and Evaluation of Peptide-Based Additives with Different Primary Structures for Enhanced Mechanical Strength
○Ruka Ito1, Takamasa Sakai1, Kousuke Tsuchiya1 (1. The university of Tokyo)
[[PB]-1vn-43]Development of Resource-Recirculating Polyrotaxane-Containing Epoxy Resin with High Durability, Recyclability, and Regeneration Formation for Application to CFRP for Aircraft
○Shota ANDO1, Masaki Hirano1, Eri Ueno2, Naito Kimiyoshi2, Ito Kohzo1,2 (1. The Univ. of Tokyo, 2. NIMS)
[[PB]-1vn-44]Correlation between Predicted Conformational Variability and Changes of Infectivity and Pathogenicity for Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2
○Hiroshi Izumi1 (1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST))
[[PB]-1vn-45]The Development of a Materials Exploration Protocol Utilizing Data Science: A Case Study on the Search for Paraelectric Materials
○Noriaki Ozaki1, Jun Ikeda1 (1. Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)
[[PB]-1vn-46]DX Platform Construction Using Spray Pyrolysis Deposition
○Hiiro Sugita1, Syogo Takasuka1, Tomoaki Takayama1,2, Yosuke Harashima1,2, Mikiya Fujii1,2,3 (1. NAIST, 2. NAIST DSC, 3. NAIST CMP)
[[PB]-1vn-47]Development of automated chemical experiment recording system for electronic laboratory notebooks and application to organic chemistry experiment
○Hayato Takahashi1, Mikito Fujinami2, Kosuke Senda1, Takanori Sibata1, Hiromi Nakai1,2 (1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2. Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University)
[[PB]-1vn-48]Process informatics of calcination of impurity doped SrTiO3 photocatalyst incorporating dynamic Monte Carlo simulation
○Masatake Mizukami1, Yosuke Harashima1,2, Tomoaki Takayama1,2, Shogo Takasuka1, Seiichiro Ten-no4, Kazutaka Nishiguchi4, Mikiya Fujii1,2,3 (1. NAIST, 2. NAIST DSC, 3. NAIST CMP, 4. Kobe University)
[[PB]-1vn-49]Predicting the miscibility between polymers and solvents and its application in industry
○Kazuya Shiratori1, Stephen Wu2, Yoshihiro Hayashi2, Hiroki Sugisawa1, Tadamichi Okubo1, Ryo Yoshida2 (1. Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, 2. The Institute of Statistical Mathematics)
[[PB]-1vn-50]Automatic Construction of a Material Database for Data-Driven Materials Design Using Generative AI
○Shotaro Agatsuma1, Masafumi Tsuyuki1 (1. Hitachi, Ltd.)
[[PB]-1vn-51]Development of Photo-Crosslinked Gelatin Cell Scaffolds by Electrospinning
○Naoya Hashimoto1, Satoshi Fujita1, Hiroki Miyajima1 (1. Univ. of Fukui)
[[PB]-1vn-52]Paper-based analytical devices for semi-quantitative analysis of collagenase in saliva
○Hiroki Kawakami1, Satoko Takeuchi1, Yuki Hiruta1, Daniel Citterio1 (1. Keio University)
[[PB]-1vn-53]Separation of sugar-containing compounds using chromatography supports immobilized with benzoxaboroles
○Ryoga Tsuchiya1, Kazuki Akanaga2, Haruki Oketani2, Yuya Nishimura2, Yusuke Shima2, Shin Ono1 (1. Graduate school of Engineering Knazawa Institute of Technology, 2. Kanazawa Institute of Technology)
[[PB]-1vn-54]Sensitive bioluminescence imaging using a bright synthetic bioluminescent substrate AkaSuke
○Ryohei Saito-Moriya1,2, Satoshi Iwano3,4, Takahiro Kuchimaru5, Nobuo Kitada6, Norihisa Yamasaki6, Genta Kamiya6, Rika Obata7, Takashi Hirano6, Hiroshi Aoyama2, Shojiro A. Maki6 (1. Japan Women's University, 2. Tokyo University of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 3. RIKEN, 4. University of Miyazaki, 5. Jichi Medical University, 6. The University of Electro-Communications, 7. Keio University)
[[PB]-1vn-55]Design of senolytic polymers towards senescent cell removal by DPP IV inhibition and gel film formation on cell membranes
○Kenta Homma1, Riko Akehi1, Michiya Matsusaki1 (1. Osaka University)
[[PB]-1vn-56]Promotion of oxidative protein folding under crowded environment by micelle bearing disulfide groups aiming to enhance productivity of biopharmaceuticals
○Mai Kitamura1, Tomohide Saio2, Masaki Okumura3, Takahiro Muraoka1,4 (1. Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2. Tokushima University, 3. Tohoku University, 4. Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology)
[[PB]-1vn-57]Paper-Based Analytical Device for Semi-Quantitative Detection of Chloride and Glucose Using Barcode as Readout Approach
○Shuma Kinugasa1, Yanawut Manmana1, Yuki Hiruta1, Daniel Citterio1 (1. Keio University)
[[PB]-1vn-58]Development of Smart Plastic Materials Using Original Epoxide Linking Reaction: A Bridging Surface Modification Offers Protein A-Mimetic Affinity for Antibody
○Takanori Kishida1 (1. JSR Corporation)
[[PB]-1vn-59]Design of Stimuli-Responsive Polymers That Recognize Denatured Proteins and Their Responsive Behavior
○Yuto Murashima1, Akifumi Kawamura1,2, Takashi Miyata1,2 (1. Kansai University, 2. ORDIST)
[[PB]-1vn-60]Development of the optical phantom made of chitosan and glucomannan in a bilayer film
○Junta Hasegawa1, Jun Miyazaki1 (1. Tokyo Denki Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-61]Regulation of cells using photo-responsive polymer films with changeable surface properties.
○Jun Komuratani1, Akifumi Kawamura1,2, Takashi Miyata1,2 (1. Fac. of Chem., Materials and Bioeng., Kansai Univ., 2. ORDIST, Kansai Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-62]Investigation of molecular candidates for achieving hyperpolarized MRI via in vivo photo-CIDNP
○Yuta Sawada1, Koki Nishimura2,3, Shoya Shiromizu4, Fuminori Hyodo4,3, Nobuhiro Yanai2,3 (1. Grad. Sch. Eng., Kyushu Univ., 2. Grad. Sch. Sci., The Univ. of Tokyo, 3. CREST, JST, 4. Grad. Sch. Med., Gifu Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-63]Two-Step Condensation of Biomacromolecules by Using Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation Droplet
○Ryusho Katsumata1, Genki Higuchi1, Noriyuki Uchida1, Takahiro Muraoka1,2 (1. Tokyo Univ. Agri. and Tech., 2. KISTEC)
[[PB]-1vn-64]Development of composite materials of self-assembling peptides and proteins
○Eito Morii1, Kazuyoshi Muranishi1, Takahiro Muraoka1,2 (1. Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, 2. KISTEC)
[[PB]-1vn-65]Analysis of Intraocular Behavior of Nano Eye-drops by Fluorescent Nanoprobes based on FRET
○Kunikazu Ishii1, Yoshitaka Koseki1, Sato Kota1, Hitoshi Kasai1 (1. Tohoku Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-66]Development of hypoxia-activated anticancer prodrug nanoparticles
○Nagaki Sugeno1, Riido Kagaya1, Yoshitaka Koseki1, Hitoshi Kasai1 (1. Tohoku University)
[[PB]-1vn-67]Continuous flow synthesis by microscale CSTR® / Two-phase oxidation using nor-AZADO
○Nobuyuki Nakayama1, Isao Kotani2, Kentaro Kotani2 (1. Rigakukobo, LLC, 2. MAK Engineering Corp.)
[[PB]-1vn-68]The effect of organic molecule added during the hydrothermal treatment of crystalline porous aluminosilicate
○Kotori Matsuo1, Issei Yoshioka1, Hiroki Yamada2, Changyi Kong1, Takahiko Moteki1 (1. Shizuoka University, 2. Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute)
[[PB]-1vn-69]Carbon nanotube growth by nanocatalysts in situ formed from sub-nano metal seed particles
○Tatsuya Moriai1, Takamasa Tsukamoto2,3,4, Takane Imaoka1, Tetsuya Kambe5, Kimihisa Yamamoto1 (1. Lab. for Chemistry and Life Science, Science Tokyo, 2. Inst. of Industrial Science, The Univ. of Tokyo, 3. Grad. Sch. of Engineering, The Univ. of Tokyo, 4. JST-PRESTO, 5. Grad. Sch. of Engineering, Osaka Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-70]DMAPO/Boc2O-mediated one-pot direct N-Acylation of less nucleophilic N-hetarocycles with carboxylic acids
○Atsushi Umehara1, Soma Shimizu1, Makoto Sasaki1 (1. Tohoku University)
[[PB]-1vn-71]Vanadium suppresses energy input and greenhouse gas emissions for solid-state synthesis of niobium carbide catalyst
Takahiro Jinushi1, Itsuki Soga1, Ryunosuke Nakajima1, Senzoku Toma1, Ikeda Akio1, ○Kenji Saito1 (1. Niigata Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-72]Synthetic Study of Clomiphene and Tamoxifen from Tetrachloroethylene
Hiyono Suzuki1, Akane Togo1, ○Kouichi Matsumoto1 (1. Kindai Univ.)
[[PB]-1vn-73]High-Throughput-Oriented Small Scale Electro Organic Synthesis Using GC-MS and its Application to Development of Electrosynthetic Equipment
Ryoichi Tomiyama1, ○Kengo Hamasaki1, Hideaki Oka2, Koichi Miki3, Katsura Torii2,3, Shin Yoneyama4, Pengyu Xu4, Kouichi Matsumoto1 (1. Kindai Univ., 2. Techno Sigma Co.,Ltd., 3. The Institute of Creative Chemistry Co.,Ltd., 4. SynCrest Inc.)