Presentation Information
[U15-P14]Utilization of observation information on natural disasters for disaster prevention and challenges★Invited Papers
*Kazuo Tamura1 (1.Kanagawa Univ.)
Keywords:
Disaster prevention,Observation information,Earthquake information,Weather-related information,Flood,Landslide
<Natural Disaster Prevention and Related Information>
Natural disasters, caused by natural phenomena, can cause human casualties, property damage, and environmental damage, resulting in economic losses and a deterioration of living conditions. Disaster prevention actions include choosing a residential location, improving the area's disaster resilience, reinforcing buildings and infrastructure, evacuation and emergency response when a dangerous disturbance is forecast, and post-disaster recovery. The response measures vary depending on the time between the issuance of disaster information and the occurrence of the disaster, as well as the type of disaster and the information.
This presentation will summarize the current status of utilizing various observational information for disaster prevention, focusing on natural disasters in general, particularly earthquake-related disasters, floods, and landslides, and discuss the challenges.
<Utilizing Earthquake Information>
Earthquakes provide a variety of information related to seismic activity, tsunamis, ground liquefaction, and slope failures. Information accumulated over the long term and generalized in various fields can be reflected in structural design and other areas, helping to mitigate direct damage. Advance information can be used in disaster prevention to improve the seismic resistance of structures and communities through seismic design, regional disaster prevention planning, and hazard mapping. Information immediately following an earthquake is utilized by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), which utilizes the lead time between the earthquake and the occurrence of seismic motion and tsunamis to issue earthquake early warnings, long-period seismic scale forecasts, and tsunami-related warnings. These warnings are also being developed for disaster prevention. As the accuracy of this information improves and the time it takes to respond is shortened, its applications are expanding even further.
<Utilization of Weather-Related Information>
Previously obtained information on floods, landslides, and other disasters is being used to design structures and develop response systems for various facilities and evacuation facilities to respond to these disturbances. Disaster risk information is also provided to residents through various hazard maps.
Real-time information on strong winds, floods, storm surges, and landslides caused by typhoons and heavy rain is also issued by the JMA and other organizations, and is used in a variety of areas, such as the design and operation of river and other flood control facilities. Further, more detailed information tailored to regional characteristics and needs is desired.
<Utilizing Disaster Information for Disaster Response and Complex Disasters>
Although direct damage has already occurred, various types of damage information obtained from aircraft and satellites over affected areas is important for limiting damage and promoting safe and efficient disaster response.
In the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, large seismic motion caused numerous slope failures, leading to further damage during subsequent heavy rains. In the face of complex disasters like these, rapid understanding of damage information from a particular disaster and appropriate response are crucial.
<Multidisciplinary Collaboration for the Utilization of Observation Information for Disaster Prevention>
Various types of observation information are often used as secondary information, processed in various ways based on the observation data obtained, depending on how it will be used for disaster prevention. Improved utilization of observation information that leads to disaster prevention actions is desirable. For this reason, further collaboration between the fields leading disaster prevention actions and the earth and planetary science fields that collect observation information is important.
Natural disasters, caused by natural phenomena, can cause human casualties, property damage, and environmental damage, resulting in economic losses and a deterioration of living conditions. Disaster prevention actions include choosing a residential location, improving the area's disaster resilience, reinforcing buildings and infrastructure, evacuation and emergency response when a dangerous disturbance is forecast, and post-disaster recovery. The response measures vary depending on the time between the issuance of disaster information and the occurrence of the disaster, as well as the type of disaster and the information.
This presentation will summarize the current status of utilizing various observational information for disaster prevention, focusing on natural disasters in general, particularly earthquake-related disasters, floods, and landslides, and discuss the challenges.
<Utilizing Earthquake Information>
Earthquakes provide a variety of information related to seismic activity, tsunamis, ground liquefaction, and slope failures. Information accumulated over the long term and generalized in various fields can be reflected in structural design and other areas, helping to mitigate direct damage. Advance information can be used in disaster prevention to improve the seismic resistance of structures and communities through seismic design, regional disaster prevention planning, and hazard mapping. Information immediately following an earthquake is utilized by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), which utilizes the lead time between the earthquake and the occurrence of seismic motion and tsunamis to issue earthquake early warnings, long-period seismic scale forecasts, and tsunami-related warnings. These warnings are also being developed for disaster prevention. As the accuracy of this information improves and the time it takes to respond is shortened, its applications are expanding even further.
<Utilization of Weather-Related Information>
Previously obtained information on floods, landslides, and other disasters is being used to design structures and develop response systems for various facilities and evacuation facilities to respond to these disturbances. Disaster risk information is also provided to residents through various hazard maps.
Real-time information on strong winds, floods, storm surges, and landslides caused by typhoons and heavy rain is also issued by the JMA and other organizations, and is used in a variety of areas, such as the design and operation of river and other flood control facilities. Further, more detailed information tailored to regional characteristics and needs is desired.
<Utilizing Disaster Information for Disaster Response and Complex Disasters>
Although direct damage has already occurred, various types of damage information obtained from aircraft and satellites over affected areas is important for limiting damage and promoting safe and efficient disaster response.
In the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake, large seismic motion caused numerous slope failures, leading to further damage during subsequent heavy rains. In the face of complex disasters like these, rapid understanding of damage information from a particular disaster and appropriate response are crucial.
<Multidisciplinary Collaboration for the Utilization of Observation Information for Disaster Prevention>
Various types of observation information are often used as secondary information, processed in various ways based on the observation data obtained, depending on how it will be used for disaster prevention. Improved utilization of observation information that leads to disaster prevention actions is desirable. For this reason, further collaboration between the fields leading disaster prevention actions and the earth and planetary science fields that collect observation information is important.