講演情報
[1O03]Correlation and association of income inequality and aggregate health indicators in Japan: Analyses of prefecture-level panel data
*MURAKAMI Hitoshi1 (1. Japan Institute for Health Security)
キーワード：
income inequality、Gini coefficient、aggregate health indicators、prefectures、Japan
Background: Ample evidence shows that income inequality is associated with poor health. In Japan, the relationship between income inequality and self-rated health has been studied. However, the association between income inequality and aggregate health indicators—such as premature mortality rate, stillbirth rate, perinatal mortality rate, early neonatal death rate, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality ratio—has not been thoroughly investigated. This study examines the correlation and association between Gini coefficient indicating income inequality and these aggregate health indicators.
Methods: We applied partial correlation analysis as well as pooled OLS (ordinary least squares), fixed-effects, and random-effects regressions to prefecture-level panel data. We first assessed the correlation between Gini coefficient and aggregate health indicators while controlling for two covariates: average per capita income and the number of hospital beds per 100,000 population. In the regression analyses, we examined the regression coefficient of the Gini coefficient and its statistical significance, controlling for the same two covariates. To determine the most appropriate regression model, we conducted three tests: the F-test, the Hausman test, and the Breusch–Pagan test.
Results: The partial correlation analyses identified significant correlation between Gini coefficient and premature mortality rate (ρ = 0.18, p = 0.006), stillbirth rate (ρ = 0.114, p = 0.028), and infant mortality rate (ρ = 0.147, p = 0.025). The regression analyses showed significant association of Gini coefficient with premature mortality rate (b = 368.86, p < 0.001), stillbirth rate (b = 51.80, p = 0.01), and infant mortality rate (b = 6.85, p = 0.016).
Conclusion: Income inequality was both correlated with and associated with premature mortality, stillbirths, and infant mortality. While Japan enjoys one of the highest health standards in the world, further improvements depend on addressing social determinants such as income inequality through social policies that promote economic justice.
Methods: We applied partial correlation analysis as well as pooled OLS (ordinary least squares), fixed-effects, and random-effects regressions to prefecture-level panel data. We first assessed the correlation between Gini coefficient and aggregate health indicators while controlling for two covariates: average per capita income and the number of hospital beds per 100,000 population. In the regression analyses, we examined the regression coefficient of the Gini coefficient and its statistical significance, controlling for the same two covariates. To determine the most appropriate regression model, we conducted three tests: the F-test, the Hausman test, and the Breusch–Pagan test.
Results: The partial correlation analyses identified significant correlation between Gini coefficient and premature mortality rate (ρ = 0.18, p = 0.006), stillbirth rate (ρ = 0.114, p = 0.028), and infant mortality rate (ρ = 0.147, p = 0.025). The regression analyses showed significant association of Gini coefficient with premature mortality rate (b = 368.86, p < 0.001), stillbirth rate (b = 51.80, p = 0.01), and infant mortality rate (b = 6.85, p = 0.016).
Conclusion: Income inequality was both correlated with and associated with premature mortality, stillbirths, and infant mortality. While Japan enjoys one of the highest health standards in the world, further improvements depend on addressing social determinants such as income inequality through social policies that promote economic justice.
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